地形面方法在渭河盆地活断层研究中的应用     

卞菊梅 《地球科学与环境学报》1995,(1)

本文主要依据地形图和航空照片解译，并经已有地质、钻孔资料验证及野外实地考察的方法来研究地形面及其变形特征，由此确定渭河盆地活断层的分布、最新活动特征及活动规律，为地震预报及地震危险性分析提供依据。  相似文献   

Geomorphic changes in Ras Al-Subiyah area,Kuwait     

A. Al Hurban  H. El-Gamily  A. El-Sammak 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(7):1377-1390

The Ras Al-Subiyah area is considered one of the most promising areas in Kuwait for future development. This development will include a new town called Subiyah and its associated infrastructure. This area is also being considered as the location for connection between Boubyan Island, which is now undergoing major development and the Kuwait mainland. The present study investigates the geomorphology of the Ras Al-Sabiyah area in the northern sector of Kuwait. The study area is generally flat, and it is located west of the Jal Az-Zor escarpment. It is bordered on the east by the Khor Al-Sabiyah tidal channel and on the south by Kuwait Bay. The area receives sediments from several sources; currently the most important are aeolian sediments and the deposition of mud delivered through the Khor Al-Sabiyah from the Iraqi marshes. The study area has been subjected to severe environmental changes due to the Gulf wars and the drainage of Iraqi marshes and the associated artificial changes in fluvial system. Twenty-two surface sediments were collected from the Ras Al-Subiyah area. Samples were collected to include the main geomorphologic characteristic features of the study area. Field observations and remote sensing images from 1990 and 2001 were used to produce an updated geomorphologic map for the Ras Al-Subiyah and a map showing geomorphic changes between 1990 and 2001. Grain size of the surface sediment ranges from gravel to medium sand. In general, grain size statistical analysis indicates that most of the areas are composed of two or more classes of sands transported and deposited from different sources including aeolian, sabkhas, river and the bays. The variability in the grain size statistical parameters may be attributed to the complexity of surface morphology as well as the diversity in the type of depositional environment in the Ras Al-Subiyah area. The total area subjected to change during the 12-year period (1990–2001) is about 32 km² as calculated using GIS techniques.  相似文献   

A GPR study of subsidence-creep-fault processes in Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico     

Jorge A. Avila-Olivera  Víctor H. Garduo-Monroy 《Engineering Geology》2008,100(1-2):69-81

In 1983, inhabitants of the City of Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico, began to observe a series of differential settlements causing damages to constructions along linear trends parallel to a system of regional faults. The same phenomenon occurs in others cities of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB), such as Celaya, Aguascalientes, and Querétaro, and is linked to a structurally controlled subsidence, caused by groundwater withdrawal, and the presence of geological faults. We define this subsidence type as Subsidence-Creep-Fault Processes (SCFP), based on the necessary elements for their generation, and we studied them through geophysical and geotechnical techniques. In Morelia, the geophysical investigations have been carried out using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). GPR profiles, perpendicular to the axis of the surface fault generated by the SCFP were carried out. The common-offset single-fold profiling was used, with a central frequency of 50 MHz. In all cases it has been possible to visualize a fault plane dividing two blocks, the presence of synthetic and antithetic faults, influence zones from 20 m to 40 m, and a maximum “net throw” of 4 m. Exploration trenches followed the same direction of the profiles obtained with GPR (perpendicular to the axis of the surface fault). These trenches exposed a fault plane dividing two blocks with different lithology, generating a maximum “net throw” of 4.40 m; as well they help in the determination of influence zones that varied from 14 m to 40 m.  相似文献   

Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Filomena Canora  M. Dolores Fidelibus  Antonella Sciortino  Giuseppe Spilotro   《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):210

Groundwaters of the Murgia carbonate aquifer represent the main groundwater resource of the Apulia region (SE Italy). In the highlands (Alta Murgia) karst crops out in different forms and textures which have been preserved up to the 1970s: little evolved agriculture and sheep rearing produced only a marginal modification of the epikarst while a high degree of division into parcels by drystone walls helped in preserving soils from erosion. In the last years the original scenery of the Alta Murgia changed due to widespread transformations of surface karstic textures for agricultural purposes, with undeniable negative consequences on the hydrogeological balance, concerning both the infiltration and the runoff terms. Stone shattering led to flattening and deep alteration of a large part of the original karstic landscape and to demolition of drystone walls.In a study area of about 139 km² located in the Alta Murgia, the comparison of aerial photos related to the period 1950–2001 indicated that stone shattering had occurred for about 42% of the area.The hydrological behaviour of the first soil layer of experimental parcels representing both shattered stone and natural karstic surface textures was analysed by using the numerical model Hydrus-2D with the aim of estimating the variation on infiltration rate due to stone shattering. Intensive field and laboratory measurements concerned soil texture, soil water content, pressure head, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pan evaporation and meteorological parameters.  相似文献   

Environmental hydrogeology of the southern sector of the Samborombon Bay wetland,Argentina     

Eleonora Carol  Eduardo Kruse  Jorge Pousa 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):95-102

The Samborombon Bay wetland is located on the west margin of the Rio de la Plata estuary, in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This paper analyses the geological, geomorphologic, soil and vegetation characteristics of the southernmost sector of this wetland and their influence on surface water and groundwater. The study area presents three hydrologic units: coastal dunes, sand sheets and coastal plain. Coastal dunes and sand sheets are recharge zones of high permeability with well-drained, non-saline soils, and a few surface water flows. Changes in the water table are related to rainfall. Groundwater in coastal dunes is Ca–Mg–HCO₃ to Na–HCO₃, and of low salinity (590 mg/l). Groundwater in sand sheets is mainly Na–HCO₃ with a salinity of about 1,020 mg/l. The coastal plain exhibits medium to low permeability sediments, with submerged saline soils poorly drained. Groundwater is Na–Cl with a mean salinity of 16,502 mg/l. A surface hydrological network develops in the coastal plain. Surface water levels near the shoreline are affected by tidal fluctuations; far from the shoreline water accumulates because of poor drainage. Both sectors have Na–Cl water, but the former is more saline. Human intervention and sea level rise may affect the wetland severely.  相似文献   

三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成油向下“倒灌”运移层位及其研究意义   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

付广  王有功 《沉积学报》2008,26(2):355-360

为了研究三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移层位,对油向下“倒灌”运移机制及条件进行了研究,得到三肇凹陷扶杨油层同时具备①青山口组源岩目前应具有足够大的超压;②存在连通青山口组源岩和扶杨油层的T2断裂2个条件,青山口组源岩生成的油能够在超压的作用下在嫩江组沉积末期、明水组沉积末期和古近系沉积末期通过T2断裂向下伏扶杨油层中“倒灌”运移。利用压力封闭原理,对三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移距离进行了研究,得到三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移距离一般大于500 m,而三肇凹陷扶杨油层地层厚度最大只有500 m,表明三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油可以向下“倒灌”运移至整个扶杨油层的任何部位。目前三肇凹陷扶杨油层从上至下均含油,且已找到的油藏均分布于青山口组源岩生成的油能够向下“倒灌”运移分布范围内或附近,这表明青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移层位控制着油气富集层位,青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移分布范围控制着三肇凹陷扶杨油层油藏形成与分布范围。青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移分布范围及其附近应是三肇凹陷扶杨油层油下一步勘探的有利地区。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

于娟  唐学玺  李永祺  王晨  刘文明 《海洋科学》2002,26(12):49-53

研究了UV－B辐射对两种海洋微藻－小新月菱形藻（Ntzschia closterlum)和亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiforming)的抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：在本实验的辐射剂量范围内，随着UV－B辐射剂量的增强，两种藻的抗氧化防御系统的非酶性组分还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和类胡萝卜素（CAR）的含量随之下降；抗氧化防御系统的酶性组分超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性逐渐降低。加入外源性抗氧化剂GSH可减轻UV－B辐射对藻的伤害。分析表明海洋微藻的UV－B伤害是由于抗氧化防御系统遭到破坏而导致活性氧积累的结果。  相似文献   

海洋光合有效辐射分布的计算模式   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

曹文熙  杨跃忠 《热带海洋学报》2002,21(3):47-54

针对一类海水，采用美国标准大气模型和一类水体海洋生物-光学特性的半分析方法，建立了海洋光合有效辐射计算模式。模式比较全面地考虑了大气、海-气界面和水体的光辐射传输过程，能较好地用于分析叶绿素浓度以及光辐射场的角分布对光俣有效辐射分布的影响。对模拟结果的分析以及与实测结果的比较表明，该模式能较好地应用于计算衰减系数、光谱辐照度随深度的分布、光合有效辐射随深度的分布和真光层深度，在海洋生态系统的光动力学研究和水色遥感方面有效好的应用前景。  相似文献   

青岛地区太阳紫外线辐射研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王晶  侯红英 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(4):671-676

通过对青岛地区2004年全年紫外线观测数据的分析,在预设局地纬度、海拔高度、大气中臭氧量及其分布、空气质量状况、地表反照率等因素基本不变的情况下,总结了青岛地区紫外辐射随与太阳天顶角相关的不同季节和时段、天气状况(云况)的统计性变化规律,以服务于该地区人们日常生活中对紫外线的防护,尤其是为调光生态膜的研制及改善提供参考。  相似文献   

Depth distribution of radiolarians from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, western Arctic     

Takuya Itaki  Masashi Ito  Hisashi Narita  Naokazu Ahagon  Hideo Sakai 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1507

The depth distributions of the radiolarian fauna in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, marginal seas of the western Arctic Ocean, were examined quantitatively in depth-stratified plankton tows from 4 or 5 intervals above 500 m and in surface sediments from various depths between 163 and 2907 m. The radiolarian assemblage from the water column in September 2000 was dominated by Amphimelissa setosa and followed by the Actinomma boreale/leptoderma group, Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes and Spongotrochus glacialis. These species are related to the Arctic Surface Water shallower than 150 m. This assemblage is similar to that in the Greenland Sea relating to the ice edge, but did not contain typical Pacific radiolarians in spite of the flow of water of Pacific origin in this region. The living depth of Ceratocyrtis historicosa was restricted to the relatively warm water between 300 and 500 m corresponding to the upper Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) originating from the Atlantic Ocean. Radiolarian assemblages in the surface sediments are similar to those in the plankton tows, except for common Cycladophora davisiana in sediment samples below 500 m. C. davisiana is probably a deep-water species adapted to the lower AIW or the Canadian Basin Deep Water ventilated from the shelves.  相似文献